Did you try out Mesen 2? The emulator has a nice graphic viewer. The character are mostly indexed as you see them in VRAM. Then you can create a table file what is a simple text file to tell what character has what index. Once you load it you can search memory for text.
The memory viewer does also show loaded values in color. So text is data and will show blue. You can load savestates and do quick edits in RAM to figure stuff out too.

So for some stuff I have on my screen you do not need a table since it is ascii. The japanese stuff seems to be graphic and not tile-mapping. I guess the text is compressed but not sure.. I tried to trace it but I am really bad with GBA stuff. Here I have a other screenshot from where in RAM it will copy. You can edit the text there. Data will be streamed in and I could not follow that code sorry. https://imgur.com/7TtMtFC